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Post by Uesugi-dono on Jan 7, 2018 8:40:32 GMT
Physicists say we're not living in a computer simulation,because the computing power required to create an artificial universe that's the size of the one we're living in would be impossible,due to the amount of particles and atoms needed.The sci-fi trope might now be put to rest after scientists find the suggestion that reality is computer generated is in principle impossible, writes Andrew Masterson. Just in case it’s been weighing on your mind, you can relax now. A team of theoretical physicists from Oxford University in the UK has shown that life and reality cannot be merely simulations generated by a massive extraterrestrial computer. The finding – an unexpectedly definite one – arose from the discovery of a novel link between gravitational anomalies and computational complexity. In a paper published in the journal Science Advances, Zohar Ringel and Dmitry Kovrizhi show that constructing a computer simulation of a particular quantum phenomenon that occurs in metals is impossible – not just practically, but in principle. The pair initially set out to see whether it was possible to use a technique known as quantum Monte Carlo to study the quantum Hall effect – a phenomenon in physical systems that exhibit strong magnetic fields and very low temperatures, and manifests as an energy current that runs across the temperature gradient. The phenomenon indicates an anomaly in the underlying space-time geometry. Quantum Monte Carlo methods use random sampling to analyse many-body quantum problems where the equations involved cannot be solved directly. Ringel and Kovrizhi showed that attempts to use quantum Monte Carlo to model systems exhibiting anomalies, such as the quantum Hall effect, will always become unworkable. They discovered that the complexity of the simulation increased exponentially with the number of particles being simulated. If the complexity grew linearly with the number of particles being simulated, then doubling the number of particles would mean doubling the computing power required. If, however, the complexity grows on an exponential scale – where the amount of computing power has to double every time a single particle is added – then the task quickly becomes impossible. The researchers calculated that just storing information about a couple of hundred electrons would require a computer memory that would physically require more atoms than exist in the universe. The researchers note that there are a number of other known quantum interactions for which predictive algorithms have not yet been found. They suggest that for some of these they may in fact never be found. And given the physically impossible amount of computer grunt needed to store information for just one member of this subset, fears that we might be unknowingly living in some vast version of The Matrix can now be put to rest. There is a caveat to this conclusion: if our universe is a simulation, there is no reason that the laws of physics should apply outside it. In the words of Zohar Ringel, the lead author of the paper, “Who knows what are the computing capabilities of whatever simulates us?” Personally,I think it might be possible to create an artificial universe,if we can find a way around energy conservation laws and thermodynamics. We also still have little understanding about the quantum universe,dark matter/energy,and who knows how much energy we could create using dark energy and the power from black holes.
Even if we're not living in a computer simulation,science still points to us having no free will because of causality. Maybe we should hope we are living in a computer simulation because at least our programmers might read our minds,and feel sorry for some of us,and make our lives better... In a sense,that could be a way we could control our destiny if we were in a computer simulation.
I love it when somebody jumps in and says something is impossible based on our PRESENT scientific knowledge.
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Post by Uesugi-dono on Jan 7, 2018 8:44:31 GMT
Neil Degrasse and others having differing views over the UFO footage
Bugs me a little when people go out of their way to try and make NDGT look buffoonish. The man is a respected astrophysicist and the best damn teacher I have ever encountered. Just because he remains a skeptic (he looks at aliens as probable but ourselves as completely unworthy of their attention) this video's author is gonna cut this so a brief moment of his searching for the right word is drawn out to make him look stupid. Stopped watching there.
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Post by TidusandYuna1983 on Jan 7, 2018 8:52:12 GMT
Physicists say we're not living in a computer simulation,because the computing power required to create an artificial universe that's the size of the one we're living in would be impossible,due to the amount of particles and atoms needed.The sci-fi trope might now be put to rest after scientists find the suggestion that reality is computer generated is in principle impossible, writes Andrew Masterson. Just in case it’s been weighing on your mind, you can relax now. A team of theoretical physicists from Oxford University in the UK has shown that life and reality cannot be merely simulations generated by a massive extraterrestrial computer. The finding – an unexpectedly definite one – arose from the discovery of a novel link between gravitational anomalies and computational complexity. In a paper published in the journal Science Advances, Zohar Ringel and Dmitry Kovrizhi show that constructing a computer simulation of a particular quantum phenomenon that occurs in metals is impossible – not just practically, but in principle. The pair initially set out to see whether it was possible to use a technique known as quantum Monte Carlo to study the quantum Hall effect – a phenomenon in physical systems that exhibit strong magnetic fields and very low temperatures, and manifests as an energy current that runs across the temperature gradient. The phenomenon indicates an anomaly in the underlying space-time geometry. Quantum Monte Carlo methods use random sampling to analyse many-body quantum problems where the equations involved cannot be solved directly. Ringel and Kovrizhi showed that attempts to use quantum Monte Carlo to model systems exhibiting anomalies, such as the quantum Hall effect, will always become unworkable. They discovered that the complexity of the simulation increased exponentially with the number of particles being simulated. If the complexity grew linearly with the number of particles being simulated, then doubling the number of particles would mean doubling the computing power required. If, however, the complexity grows on an exponential scale – where the amount of computing power has to double every time a single particle is added – then the task quickly becomes impossible. The researchers calculated that just storing information about a couple of hundred electrons would require a computer memory that would physically require more atoms than exist in the universe. The researchers note that there are a number of other known quantum interactions for which predictive algorithms have not yet been found. They suggest that for some of these they may in fact never be found. And given the physically impossible amount of computer grunt needed to store information for just one member of this subset, fears that we might be unknowingly living in some vast version of The Matrix can now be put to rest. There is a caveat to this conclusion: if our universe is a simulation, there is no reason that the laws of physics should apply outside it. In the words of Zohar Ringel, the lead author of the paper, “Who knows what are the computing capabilities of whatever simulates us?” Personally,I think it might be possible to create an artificial universe,if we can find a way around energy conservation laws and thermodynamics. We also still have little understanding about the quantum universe,dark matter/energy,and who knows how much energy we could create using dark energy and the power from black holes.
Even if we're not living in a computer simulation,science still points to us having no free will because of causality. Maybe we should hope we are living in a computer simulation because at least our programmers might read our minds,and feel sorry for some of us,and make our lives better... In a sense,that could be a way we could control our destiny if we were in a computer simulation.
I love it when somebody jumps in and says something is impossible based on our PRESENT scientific knowledge. Especially when we have very little understanding of the quantum universe which makes all sorts of crazy things possible,such as particles in a sense being able to be in more than one place at once,but in another sense,are observed as being in a single location,or not having a single location at all! As well as faster than light travel being possible. That's another thing,many people misread Einstein's theories,such as when he said nothing with mass can accelerate faster than light,because of causality, but he never said anything about objects that travel faster than light without acceleration. Such as how Earth is moving away from other regions of the universe at FTL,even though the Earth isn't accelerating at FTL,this is because the universe is expanding faster than light because space has no mass.
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Post by Uesugi-dono on Jan 7, 2018 19:08:39 GMT
The following is supposed to be the oldest recorded image of a supernova.
It's a 5000 year old lithograph found in modern day Kashmir on the Pakistan/India border.
Scientists reason that the second 'sun' depicts a supernova because we don't have two suns and the moon never appears that close to the sun.
Who knows, they may be right, but you know what I thought when I saw it?
"This hunt lasted for a day and a half."
Simple eh?
Now let's talk about the desperate need for the artist to depict a penis on EVERYTHING in this image.
Seriously, at this point they aren't firing arrows and spears into that elk... its penii. And What sun? That's a divine ball of dicks in the sky, clearly their god.
The God of Dicks.
Dickgod
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Post by TidusandYuna1983 on Jan 8, 2018 10:15:29 GMT
This is how crazy quantum mechanics gets. In a sense,quantum particles can be in more than one place at once,in another sense they are observed as being in one location,in another sense they don't have one location or any location at all,and can appear randomly anywhere as a wave. Physicists are divided about this,as some physicists say quantum particles are indeed in 2 places at once bigthink.com/dr-kakus-universe/nobel-prize-awarded-to-two-quantum-physicists , while other physicists say it's not a 'yes' or 'no' answer, while other physicists give a blatant 'no' response. www.quora.com/How-can-a-particle-exist-simultaneously-in-different-places-at-the-same-timeHowever,the concept of quantum computers is they use quantum particles that can be in a superposition so qubits can take the value of multiple digits simultaneously. Where as normal computers can only use digitals in a linear way. Then there's quantum entanglement,in which 2 quantum particles can interact with each other,even when they're far away from each other,which in theory can make faster than light communication possible. In string theory,one of the vibrational states of the string corresponds to the graviton,a quantum mechanical particle that carries gravitational force. String theory is linked to worm holes and warping space.
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Post by TidusandYuna1983 on Jan 11, 2018 6:02:39 GMT
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Post by TidusandYuna1983 on Jan 11, 2018 10:49:54 GMT
Stephen Colbert and Neil Tyson having a heated discussion about a bizarre UFO.
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Post by TidusandYuna1983 on Jan 16, 2018 5:14:46 GMT
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Post by TidusandYuna1983 on Jan 16, 2018 14:44:28 GMT
I gotta admit,I agree with Neil Tyson on this one. Surprised more physicists don't bring up causality into this debate,since causality indicates out future is preset,and there's no free will.
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Post by Uesugi-dono on Jan 18, 2018 15:01:52 GMT
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Post by TidusandYuna1983 on Jan 18, 2018 15:10:01 GMT
I don't want to imagine the size of her black hole.
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Post by TidusandYuna1983 on Jan 21, 2018 2:09:59 GMT
There's stars that do not yet exist due to the universe not being old enough,but it's believed they will exist in the future. Such stars are black dwarfs(the final stage for a star,which happens after a white dwarf),a blue dwarf(a possible stage that happens before a star becomes a white dwarf),a frozen star(far in the future when metals are more abundant after supernovas,star formation may become more dependant on metal,which will allow stars with temperatures of 0 c,and which have ice).
Then if you forward to a mind-boggling 10 with 15 0's years in the future,if particle decay doesn't occur,stars will become more dependant on quantum tunneling,and this could lead to iron stars.
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Post by Uesugi-dono on Jan 21, 2018 8:26:27 GMT
Face of 9,000-Year-Old Teenager ReconstructedBy Sarah Gibbens PUBLISHED JANUARY 19, 2018 Her name is Avgi, and the last time anyone saw her face was nearly 9,000 years ago. When she lived in Greece, at the end of the Mesolithic period around 7000 B.C., the region was transitioning from a society of hunter gatherers to one that began cultivating its own food.
In English, Avgi translates to Dawn—a name archaeologists chose because she lived during what's considered the dawn of civilization.
Little is known about how she lived and died, but now archaeologists can see the ancient woman's prominent cheekbones, heavy brow, and dimpled chin.Facial features have "smoothed out" over millennia, and humans look less masculine today, says reconstructor Oscar Nilsson. To reconstruct her face was no small feat. An endocrinologist, orthopedist, neurologist, pathologist, and radiologist were all needed to accurately reconstruct what Avgi would have looked like. The reconstruction team was led by orthodontist Manolis Papagrigorakis, who noted at the museum event that while Avgi's bones appeared to belong to a 15-year-old-woman, her teeth indicated she was 18, "give or take a year," said Papagrigorakis.
In addition to the team of doctors, the university worked with Oscar Nilsson, a Swedish archaeologist and sculptor who specializes in reconstructions. He's worked on bringing so many ancient faces back to life that he even has a favorite period to work on: "the Stone Age," he says.
"[The Stone Age is] this enormously long period so unlike our age, but we are physically so alike," he adds.
Nilsson starts with her skull, which was unearthed in 1993 at Theopetra cave, a site in central Greece which has been occupied continuously for some 130,000 years. Researchers take a CT scan of the skull, and a 3D printer then makes an exact replica of the scan's measurements.
"Onto this copy pegs are glued, reflecting the thickness of the flesh at certain anatomical points of the face," he says.
This allowed him to flesh out Avgi's face, muscle by muscle. While some of her features are based on skull measurements, others, like skin and eye color, are inferred based on general population traits in the region.
It's not the first time Papagrigorakis, Nilsson, and the University of Athens team has brought an ancient face back to life. In 2010, they reconstructed the face of an 11-year-old Athenian girl named Myrtis who lived around 430 B.C. In the almost 7,000-year period between Avgi and Myrtis, facial structure appears to soften.
The team has also reconstructed the face of 11-year-old Myrtis, who died of typhoid in Athens in the 5th century B.C. "Avgi has very unique, not especially female, skull, and features. Myrtis, still a child, does not differ at all in the features we find around us today," says Nilsson. "Having reconstructed a lot of Stone Age women and men, I think some facial features seem to have disappeared or 'smoothed out' with time. In general, we look less masculine, both men and women, today."
Not much is known about the circumstances of Agvi's death, but archaeologists know that Myrtis died from typhoid in an epidemic that devastated fifth-century Athens; it's a disease that still kills thousands today.
As 3D modeling technology advances, archaeologists are using the technique more frequently to reconstruct ancient faces. In December, researchers reconstructed the face of an ancient Peruvian queen, and last January, the world finally saw the man behind the famous 9,500-year-old Jericho Skull.
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Post by TidusandYuna1983 on Jan 21, 2018 13:48:53 GMT
Face of 9,000-Year-Old Teenager ReconstructedBy Sarah Gibbens PUBLISHED JANUARY 19, 2018 Her name is Avgi, and the last time anyone saw her face was nearly 9,000 years ago. When she lived in Greece, at the end of the Mesolithic period around 7000 B.C., the region was transitioning from a society of hunter gatherers to one that began cultivating its own food.
In English, Avgi translates to Dawn—a name archaeologists chose because she lived during what's considered the dawn of civilization.
Little is known about how she lived and died, but now archaeologists can see the ancient woman's prominent cheekbones, heavy brow, and dimpled chin.Facial features have "smoothed out" over millennia, and humans look less masculine today, says reconstructor Oscar Nilsson. To reconstruct her face was no small feat. An endocrinologist, orthopedist, neurologist, pathologist, and radiologist were all needed to accurately reconstruct what Avgi would have looked like. The reconstruction team was led by orthodontist Manolis Papagrigorakis, who noted at the museum event that while Avgi's bones appeared to belong to a 15-year-old-woman, her teeth indicated she was 18, "give or take a year," said Papagrigorakis.
In addition to the team of doctors, the university worked with Oscar Nilsson, a Swedish archaeologist and sculptor who specializes in reconstructions. He's worked on bringing so many ancient faces back to life that he even has a favorite period to work on: "the Stone Age," he says.
"[The Stone Age is] this enormously long period so unlike our age, but we are physically so alike," he adds.
Nilsson starts with her skull, which was unearthed in 1993 at Theopetra cave, a site in central Greece which has been occupied continuously for some 130,000 years. Researchers take a CT scan of the skull, and a 3D printer then makes an exact replica of the scan's measurements.
"Onto this copy pegs are glued, reflecting the thickness of the flesh at certain anatomical points of the face," he says.
This allowed him to flesh out Avgi's face, muscle by muscle. While some of her features are based on skull measurements, others, like skin and eye color, are inferred based on general population traits in the region.
It's not the first time Papagrigorakis, Nilsson, and the University of Athens team has brought an ancient face back to life. In 2010, they reconstructed the face of an 11-year-old Athenian girl named Myrtis who lived around 430 B.C. In the almost 7,000-year period between Avgi and Myrtis, facial structure appears to soften.
The team has also reconstructed the face of 11-year-old Myrtis, who died of typhoid in Athens in the 5th century B.C. "Avgi has very unique, not especially female, skull, and features. Myrtis, still a child, does not differ at all in the features we find around us today," says Nilsson. "Having reconstructed a lot of Stone Age women and men, I think some facial features seem to have disappeared or 'smoothed out' with time. In general, we look less masculine, both men and women, today."
Not much is known about the circumstances of Agvi's death, but archaeologists know that Myrtis died from typhoid in an epidemic that devastated fifth-century Athens; it's a disease that still kills thousands today.
As 3D modeling technology advances, archaeologists are using the technique more frequently to reconstruct ancient faces. In December, researchers reconstructed the face of an ancient Peruvian queen, and last January, the world finally saw the man behind the famous 9,500-year-old Jericho Skull. Interesting. It's nice to know what the woman from 9000 years ago looked like, because you can see the transition from Asian to caucasian. The movie The Man From Earth got me interested in cavemen, because it explained how it's believed cavemen had as much intellectual capability as modern man,but they just didn't know as much. And cavemen would have had a very different perception to ours,no concept of a beginning or what infections are,illnesses were believed to be caused by spells inflicted from others,most people didn't live past age 30,no concept of what the ocean is if they never saw it, then somehow they realized it's better to grow food rather than gather it, and so on.
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Post by Uesugi-dono on Jan 21, 2018 14:42:25 GMT
There's a good body of evidence that it was beer that motivated people to settle and become agrarians. Especially since the hunter/gather lifestyle, to this day, requires much less labor and stress than even our modern lives. If you want leisure time... join and uncontacted tribe. =-p
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